The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 2388 Words

Stay in School, Huck Finn! Intro Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Mark Twain’s most popular and perhaps most controversial book. It is celebrated by many to be the quintessential classic american novel, depicting boyhood adventure along the mighty Mississippi River in the mid seventeenth century. But, simultaneously, many also feel that the book is unsuitable for the classroom. Its controversy lies in the notion by some that it is racist and promotes racism, while humiliating black students. Much scholarly writing has been devoted to the scrutinization of Huck Finn. Background In the long controversy that has been Huck Finn s history, people have criticized, condemned, censored, and barred the book from students for many reasons,†¦show more content†¦Though the Board of Education acknowledged no outside pressure to ban the use of Huck Finn, a representative of one publisher said that school officials had cited some passages derogatory to Negroes as the reason for its contract not being renewed. http://www.twainquotes.com/19570912.html In 1963 the Philadelphia Board of Education, after removing Huck Finn, replaced it with an adapted version which had toned down some of the violence, simplified the sometimes difficult to understand dialects, and omitted all derogatory terms towards black people. John Wallace was possibly the most outspoken opponent to Huck Finn. In 1982, while serving on a school s Human Relations Committee, he began a campaign to have Huck Finn removed from that school’s curriculum. He referred to it as racist trash, He beli eves black children are embarrassed and humiliated by the use of nigger in schools. Through his twenty-eight year educational career he constantly fought allowance of the book in schools. He has even authored his own adapted version of Twain s story. http://homepages.wmich.edu/~acareywe/huck.html Mark Twain When deciding on whether Huck Finn, or any book, is racist, it is important to determine if the author themself was racist. While doing this research some may find that Twain’s involvement in the Confederation during the Civil War would be a red flag, as fighting for the states that wish to uphold slavery would make him complicit in the system of slavery, but

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1280 Words

The Crucible was a play written by Arthur Miller during the era of McCarthyism. This time period and person experiences helped influence the outcomes and aspects of the play written to mimic the Salem Witch Trials. Many characters were accused and even tried for witchcraft, while the audience is clear of whom the guilty party is the entire play. Elizabeth Proctor, the wife to John Proctor the wrongly one wrongly accused and executed, had many conflicts in this play as many others did. Elizabeth Proctor was met with conflicts of wrong accusations, adultery, death threats, and eventually, losing her husband. Elizabeth Proctor endured an incredible amount of pain and conflict throughout the play, The Crucible. She was met with many conflicts that involved many the people she loved, or once trusted. Elizabeth Proctor ended one of the only characters that would feel the pain of the trials forever. To start off, Elizabeth and her husband were a fairly wealthy couple in Salem. They had a se rvant names Mary Warren, who in time became one of Elizabeth’s biggest problems. Though Mary Warren seemed sweet and harmless, she played a large hand in Elizabeth eventually losing her husband. Mary had spent a day at the court watching the trials, when she returned she had brought a gift for Elizabeth, the gift, made Elizabeth’s life take a turn for the worst. â€Å"I made you a gift today, Goody Proctor,† (Mary Warren, Act 2 Line 201, The Crucible). The ‘gift’ that Mary Warren gave Elizabeth wasShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

What Integrity Means Free Essays

The term â€Å"integrity† is considered polysemantic meaning it has a number of different meanings. Integrity is the most important terms used in virtue ethics, music, philosophy, for example. Integrity is used in the scientific and technological fields. We will write a custom essay sample on What Integrity Means or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, this term is often puzzling and perplexing. Often, people use integrity as a synonym to â€Å"moral† trying to show that person is acting with integrity. However, researchers noted that â€Å"people of integrity† may act immorally, even if they are unaware of their immoral actions. Firstly, modern world suggests that any person is subjected to many conflicting desires and situations. Thus, integrity is defined as the ability to make reasonable and valid judgments, conclusions about the importance and necessity of particular commitments. Integrity suggests that a person should act out of the strongest desire and with deliberation to choose between more or less desirable actions. In other words, integrity always suggests discriminating between important desires. For example, a student may discard studying preferring go to the party. In such situation student is not a person of integrity as higher order desire was endorsed over fun. Person of integrity realizes the importance of first-order desires and he won’t fall victim to conflicting desires. Further, integrity is defined as ability to resist genuine temptation meaning that a person is ready successful integrate the self. Secondly, in computer and related sciences integrity means that computer database is able to maintain power and resist to errors, integrity of defense systems suggests that system isn’t breached. Thirdly, in music, musical work has integrity if its musical structure is provided with completeness which is coordinated and has related music ideas. Simply saying, integrity in music means that music piece is whole, intact and pure. Fourthly, Integrity is associated with geography. Then, people may think of integrity of wilderness region, different existing ecosystems, art kinds and forms, and even people may think of computerized integrity. Integrity is applied mostly to the objects and it suggests the qualities of purity and wholeness an object. These meanings are often applied to people. Speaking about regions, integrity means that a region isn’t corrupted by negative effects of development and its advances. Region of integrity suggests wilderness and uncorrupted or virgin. Finally, intellectual, professional and artistic integrity are often spoken about. Nevertheless, integrity has found its application mostly in philosophy meaning human’s general character. In philosophy, when a person acts with integrity on a particular occasion it means that integrity is explained as broader feature of person’ character. There is a claim that person should possess integrity. Integrity suggests that a person is in harmony with himself, that he acts either morally or immorally. It means that integrity is applied equally to people things because integrity suggests a way to keep the self uncorrupted. Integrity is often associated with commitment, and some researchers stress that the term ‘commitment’ is used to cover intentions and promises of human expectations and, what is more important, human trusts. It means that any person may be committed to different kinds of things at the same time. Such person is integrated person. Summing up, integrity is found in many aspects of human’s life. Integrity is defined as personal virtues meaning that person’s ability to take care of the self shows whether a person is integrated. Moreover, persons of integrity treat equally other people’s matters. Abilities to overcome temptation and to subordinate first-order and second-order desires are considered the keys for a person to be considered of integrity. How to cite What Integrity Means, Papers

Dont Be Afraid of the Light free essay sample

â€Å"Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness, that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, ‘Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous?’ Actually, who are you not to be? Your playing small does not serve the world.† When I first read these words, quoted in The Man Watching by Tim Crothers, I thought they sounded ridiculous; however, after some reflection on my personal experiences I came to agree with Marianne Williamson. I have always had a powerful drive to work hard in everything that I do, but when I entered high school I was shocked; I was now in a place where this was discouraged by my peers. With high school came more freedom, but instead of using this independence to mature and excel, many of my classmates used it to slack off. We will write a custom essay sample on Dont Be Afraid of the Light or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had thought about trying to raise my popularity before, but found that I was generally happier surrounding myself with people who appreciated me than with ones who had the potential to improve my social status. Now, however, popularity seemed to mean everything to nearly everyone. As much as I tried, I could not understand the algorithm for it – it was suddenly cute to be ignorant, cool to be lazy, trendy to cut every corner possible, and endearing to disrespect teachers and school rules. I agonized over these unwritten rules that newly governed the student body – if I excelled at anything, or even competed at a high level, I would not be fitting the mold and could be ostracized. I valued my friends and did not want to lose any of them, but recognized that that would have to be their choice in the end. I made a conscious decision to not play small and to not let this new paradigm pull me toward my darkness. I would never be afraid to let my musical, athletic, or academic talents show – after all, they were a large part of what made me unique. People who liked me less because of them were not the type of friends I wanted to have. I would work as hard as possible to be the best I could be. When I first entered the world of post-pubescence and pseudo-maturity, I was afraid of my light, but I took a risk and pushed myself harder than ever before. My friends today are brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous, and are not afraid of good qualities in themselves or others. I am extremely proud of my decision to stand out from the pack and to not be afraid to let my talents shine, and I have come to see the truth in Marianne Williamson’s quote.

The Chimney Sweeper Essays - The Chimney Sweeper, Child Labour

The Chimney Sweeper -831215370967000 -82994545529500 William Blake -83121518288000 -93472014859000 William Blake's "The Chimney Sweeper" is considered to be one of Blake's more outspoken works, as it provides harsh social commentary on the issue of child labor. His use of anecdote, tone, biblical allusion, and design all contribute to the continuation of the theme of innocence in Blake's Songs of Innocence. Many prominent Blake critics have suggested that "The Chimney Sweeper" was "inspired by the agitation which was then trying to pass laws against the use of children as chimney sweeps". With this focus on advocating for children's rights, Blake spends the first half of the work exposing the dangers of the job of chimney sweeping and the exploitation of children in this line of work. The first stanza highlights the fact that "boys (and even a few girls) as young as five were apprenticed by their parents to master sweepers in what amounted to both child l abor and involuntary servitude". Throughout the first three stanzas, Blake uses powerful imagery to illustrat e the terrible conditions in which the children worked. The soot in which the narrator sleeps is not metaphorical, but literal"climbing boys did indeed sleep on the bags of soot they swept" (Lindsay 35). Blake describes an environment in which the boys were surrounded by soot to represent the soot that was in the boys' lungs. Also, the "coffins of black" (SIE, Copy Z ) represented "the narrow chimneys in which children sometimes got stuck and suffocated" (Lindsay 35). Blake's attempt to invoke pity in the reader is also supported by his use of anecdote. The work is written through the perspective of an experienced chimney sweep who was so young that he couldn't pronounce the word "sweep." "The child's lisp in pronouncing his cry sweep!'had its pathetic significance" (Damon 270) in that it invokes pity in the reader; Blake used the child's inability to form speech, a problem associated with young children, to show the injustices of putting such young children in such a dang erous line of work. As an experienced sweep, the narrator consoles a new recruit, Tom Dacre , who "cried when his headwas shav'd " ( SIE , Copy Z ), a common practice, "since hair would collect large quantities of soot" ( Essick 52-3). However, the speaker reassures Tom that the shaving of his head is a good thing, for "the soot cannot spoil your [his] white hair" (SIE, Copy Z ). The speaker's ability to find "the silver lining of every cloud" ( Essick 53) embodies the tragedy of the poemthe children's ability to remain innocent and optimistic in such a hopeless, oppressive environment. The second part of the work is focused around a vision that Tom has in which an angel appears to "set them all free" (SIE, Copy Z ) from the oppressive conditions of chimney sweeping. A common motif in Blake's works, angels "mercifully bring death, particularly to children" (Damon 22). Specifically, in "The Chimney Sweeper," "an angel unlocks the coffins of the chi mney sweepers" (Damon 22), signifying that the angel is bringing death to the children, thus liberating them from their oppressed state. In his dream, Tom dreams of the freedom to frolic in nature, "to wash in a river and shine in the Sun" (SIE, Copy Z ). Tom's dream is the epitome of a child's innocence, as it shows that a child can still be optimistic, even when in the worst of situations. This innocence "can be both imaginative and pathetic at the same timeimaginative because the innocent child can transcend' his outer environmentand pathetic because the child so obviously suffers from that outward existence" (Adams 260). Blake uses the fact that "the child must indulge in symbolic compensations for his real lot" (Adams 261) to invoke sympathy in the reader and develop a pitiful tone. However, Tom's dream of death also represents the experience that comes with the children's exposure to death in their dangerous line of work. Thus, Tom's dream embodies the incredible coexi stence of innocence and experience that Blake describes throughout the poem. The Angel's focus on being "a good boy" (SIE, Copy Z ) and doing "their duty" (SIE, Copy Z ) brings about

Thesis Writing Tips

Thesis Writing Tips Thesis Writing Tips Thesis Writing Tips: Yours Personal Guide. Before you start writing your thesis you should read some tips and some information about thesis. What is thesis? A thesis or dissertation is a document performed by students for a degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and discoveries. In some universities, the word thesis is used as part of a bachelor's or master's course. Thesis is an academic standard procedure. Thesis Writing Tips: Thesis Importance. If you are a student, thesis writing is a very important sphere in your learning life because your passing the course depends on it. Therefore, you should be concentrated during the work on your thesis. You can write a thesis for a couple reasons: if you need to write it to get a degree, if you need extra credit to enter a higher educational institution, because you want to become familiar with serious scientific researches, or if you are really into these researches. It is does not matter what the rea son, is the start point for your long, difficult but exciting work! Thesis Writing Tips: The Basic Steps in Researching and Writing. Before you start writing a thesis, you should read this small but very useful paragraph. It contains all necessary statements that you need to write a good quality thesis. Do not ignore it! First of all you need to have full understanding of the thesis and its challenges. Choose a thesis topic that is focused. This is a crucial step. Try to develop understanding about the structural writing various phases of thesis. Receive all the necessary approvals for your thesis topic. Do not forget about planning. Good planning and project management make a significant difference in how difficult your thesis is to complete and how long it takes. Try to follow the thesis format. Check out hypothesis/ thesis statement/objectives. This is the basic element in the thesis. Try to write the thesis abstract with full of care, avoid hurry in everything. Maintain links between the chapters and logical relations between various sections Note all the literature you use. Build your bibliography. Try to think accurately before making outline for the thesis. Learn correct punctuation because incorrect/no punctuation can cause great difficulties in reading. Be correct with active or passive voices usage. Never ignore the value of diagrams, graphs, charts, tables. Check them. Find out and correct the errors of table of contents, bibliography, and index. The conclusions must provide solutions of the raised issue rather than an abrupt end; how to write a thesis is not difficult after knowing all these. Do not forget to edit your work. Thesis Writing Tips: Resume. Writing a thesis is a very responsible work. It affects your future and your career in a particular! So do not be in a hurry. We wish you luck in passing!

Internship Report on Beau-Rivage Palace Hotel Essay

Internship Report on Beau-Rivage Palace Hotel - Essay Example Her knowledge of hotel management presented a challenging, yet focused beginning for my internship program. At the end, i would like to acknowledge all the staff members in the administration and management department who took the time to cater to my informational needs. Without their input, my internship program and experience would not have been possible. The following report is based on my internship program at the Beau-Rivage Palace, which lasted for two months. My objective of study was to look at different tasks that come under the administration and management department and top of all to know the problems or complaints faced by the customers at this Hotel. My purpose was to have a look at these issues and use my decision making skills to resolve these issues. It was overall a great experience. I got to meet people from different parts of the world. I got to learn a number of ethical issues that would always help me in my career life. My training course took place in the main Administration and Management department of the Beau-Rivage Palace in Lausanne, specifically at the front-desk and being under the manager's supervision. My Internship lasted for two months. I was given the task of finding out the Issues that the guests were having while staying at the hotel. How to bring in the changes according to the demands of the customers and how to plan out the Implementation was my basic task. I was asked to bring such Issues under the manager's knowledge and help him out with the changes. I got to practice decision making and entertaining the customers when problems aroused. During my free hours I would roam around the hotel's territories In search of guests who may be having problems and would help them out in resolving. Once a female parent was holding her toddler in her hands while making a phone call. The baby was cranky due to flu, and that customer looked In some urgency while on the phone and had no time to call In someone from the day care services as Its was off duty time. I went up to her and asked her to let me take care of her baby while she would continue with her call. It took her almost half an hour to return, but when she came back and saw how her baby was laughing and playing with me she gave me a huge tip and left. Two days later I found that that very same lady had praised our hotel in the suggestion box and specifically stated about my services and promised to come back to Beau-Rivage whenever she would next come to Switzerland. This helped my hotel in bringing in a loyal customer to their list. The management was very happy with my services and I was offered a job that very Instant. Internship helped me

Marketing Management in Practice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing Management in Practice - Case Study Example The report will also define the segments which need to be addressed by the company in order to enhance their sales. The later part of the report explains the justification of the product launch and various objectives which would be helpful to achieve targets, and finally it concludes with the sales forecast and the Marketing Mix. Although soft drinks trends patterns are substantial in Australia still there are many factors which will play an important part in the acceptance of the product by the consumers. There is healthy demand for the imported fresh juices which can be fulfilled by Cadbury Orange Juice. Cadbury traces its history in Australia since the year 1919. It is one of the leading chocolate and Ice Cream manufacturers in Australia. The major specialty of the company is Chocolate. By merging with the Schweppes, Cadbury expanded its operation and identity. The expansion continued and in 1980 it acquired the Red Tulip confectionery company and broadened its range of fine products to include a vast array of Easter confectionery, as well as After Dinner Mints. The company entered the Asian region in 1995 and established a factory in Beijing, China. After being successful in the Chocolate and Ice Cream business the company is planning to launch the range of 100% pure orange juice that will use fresh, rather than concentrated juice. Following are some successful products of the company (Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd, 2009). 'Australian Chocolate Brands in last Two Decades: Time Out Bar (1995) The launch of chocolate-covered wafer Time Out bar was a phenomenal success - the first brand to reach the top five best-selling bars in its first year Favourites Boxed Chocolates (1998) Cadbury Australia introduced Favourites boxed chocolates in 1998, giving Cadbury fans a selection of their favourite Cadbury products in bite-size pieces. Dream Cadbury Dream Block (2001) The new Cadbury Dream block was promoted as "real whiter chocolate, wicked taste". It took four years of research to perfect the flavour, but it was an astounding success. Boost Boost Bar (2006) Boost bar was launched in 2006 and was immediately successful.' (Cadbury Schweppes Pty Ltd, 2009) 2.2 Macro Environmental (PESTLE) analysis: In order to understand the external environment of the Company it is important to undertake the PESTLE analysis, which is as follows: Political: Decrease in demand due to unstable political situation. Economic: Imposition of Tax or quota from the Government on the major players of market in order to avoid monopoly in the market. Socio-cultural: The

Impact of Slavery in Virginia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Slavery in Virginia - Essay Example The period of war brought an opportunity for many slaves to get freed without formal emancipation. The eagerness of Britain to debase the economy in their colonies leads to freeing of many slaves who accepted to fight in the American cause (Taylor, 2013). The revolutionary sentiments rose and provided the pressure that would later lead to the release of slaves from bondage and forced labor. The war of the independence for Americans further contributed to the release of slaves during this period. The internal enemies referred in the title of Tylor’s book were the slaves of Virginia. Their story is well told by Tailor in the fight for independence. A war that made the British government officers promise freedom for the slaves who managed to flee their bondage and escaped their rebellious owners. These slaves were encouraged to enlist in the Forces. These slaves were instrumentally a significant resource to Britain during this war. Their understanding of the surrounding countryside of Virginia made it necessary for them to be enlisted with the forces because the invaders did not have an understanding of the countryside (Taylor, 2013). As such they would provide a counter war that would defeat the invaders. Thus the British war effort found the escaping slaves very crucial to them. Soon, the British officers were taking steps to emancipate the whole slave families that had taken advantage of the American Revolution to free themselves in Canada and the Caribbean.

What Is A Pressure Group?

What Is A Pressure Group? Pressure groups are known to be small and extremely diverse formed on the basis of interest and activities, their functions give them a high public profile where minds are influenced and driven to make change. A Pressure group is an organisation which seeks to influence the details of a comparatively small range of public policies and which is not a function of a recognised political party (Baggott, 1995: p.2). An aim of pressure groups is to generate support which can influence political agendas; this can directly persuade the government to think about taking action. In this essay I will concentrate upon exploring on various issues on pressure groups, discussing the relationship between the groups, their use of the media and their status as insiders and outsiders in the political process. Pressure groups have two main types of groups the insiders and outsiders, which each promote a common cause with a different relationship with the media and political party making one as an unheard voice in the public sphere. To the public Pressure groups is another form where the public can engage in politics, participating directly in the political process. I will also intricate in this essay the growths of pressure groups due to their use of the media and their political engagement. The size of a group is a basic indicator of how much public support they get especially those that posses open membership, they mobilise through demonstrations, protest involving some non members through organised events. The different types of well known pressure groups that I will include are Greenpeace, Child Poverty Action Group , Police Federation and Friends of the earth. These are high profile groups that bring about transformation to society focusing on the ability to gain access to media coverage for a high public profile. The political process can also benefit from this as they ensure that the media will concentrate on issues that will benefit them the most. Exerting influence on gove rnment and the policy making process is the ultimate aim of pressure groups (Lowe and Goyder, 1983, p79). In Paul Smith a study of pressure group behaviour. This quote again highlights the aim of pressure groups as they want their marginalised voices to be heard by the people that can have an immediate influence on policy making process. Body Pressure groups represent, influence and build upon their public; they have to demonstrate further political support to gain their position. It can be achieved through parliamentary lobbying; this is when groups are in frequent contact with the House of Commons or House of Lords. There are various reasons why groups lobby parliament, Rush (1990) explain three possible reasons one of which is outside organisations fail to perceive parliaments place in the policy- making process, believing it to have more influence over policy than is actually the case. The second is parliament is used when pressure elsewhere has failed and therefore is the last resort for those unable to influence ministers and senior civil servants. The third is that parliament does have an impact on policy. Groups deliberately choose a strategy which involves parliamentary lobbying because they correctly believe that this will bring benefits in terms of policy (Baggott, 1995: p. 135). There is evidence to support al l three reasons as groups believe that parliament is all powerful, and that by simply lobbying MPs they will secure their objectives. Public opinion is essential and important in policy decisions, concerns by the public is easily expressed through pressure groups. an example Shelter and the child poverty action group in the 1960s reflected a wider public concern about the failure of the welfare state to provide for the poor (Baggott, 1995: p. 168). This example Represent both citizens interest and political views. Grant (1989) identifies the two types of groups, the Insider and Outsider group. Insiders are seen as legit as they are recognised by the government and consulted on a regular basis an example is Police Federation, however outsiders are not as recognisable as Insiders due to their relationship status with the government. Grant states the 3 categories of outsider groups one of which is the potential insider group; this is achieved by a strategy acceptable in the eyes of the government another is outsiders are less knowledgeable than an insider lastly an outsider group can refuse to reform to an insider because of the fundamental nature of their aims. The implication of Grants distinction is that insider status is linked to effectiveness. The assumption appears to be that most groups will seek insider status (Baggott, 1995). However Clements and Wright view of this is different in a study where they found that although group could seek insider status it is not always effective. Local g overnments went from outsiders to insiders in the New Blair government but insider status does not guarantee success in achieving desired policy goals, as the local Government Association found (Clements and Wright, The British Political Process: An Introduction, (2000) pp.138). It is possible for an outsider to play an important role of public policy by mobilising public sentiment, an example shown by the anti-poll tax federation. There are different methods used to achieve an objective, Insider groups use the influence in Westminster and Whitehall. Insiders are more likely to be consulted by the government than an outsider group, their communication strategy is lobbying. Lobbying is the direct communication between a pressure group and government, bringing their cause and ideas to the attention of parliament, targeting key groups; they employ parliamentary officers and do not need special campaigns to influence the government however. The Implication is that insider groups will spend relatively less time on other strategies such as parliamentary lobbying which will be pursued to a greater extent by outsider groups (Baggott, 1995: P.136) Lobbyist argues that they improve the efficiency of the policy making process by explaining the tight timetable of legisl ation to clients and the need to apply pressure at the right place (Baggott, 1995: P.137). While outsider groups are more likely to depend on the media and its public to spread their message as well as to raise funds. It is important to state the combination of both insider and outsider model as an insider group can part take in both but with great limitations. Environmental pressure groups, they employ strategies in order to get the attention of the media. Growing concerns about the environment led to the recognition and growth of environmental pressure groups such as Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace. Greenpeace an environmental pressure group embodies both insider and outsider strategies promoting a non violent action as well as gaining a high level of government and public support. Greenpeace well known for initiating a campaign backed by governments and the public after the British government approved a proposal by shell UK for deep sea disposal of 463 ft of Brent spar oil storage in the north Atlantic (Parliamentary Affairs, 51 (3): 397). However Greenpeace credibility was damaged by the apparent lack of scientific evidence supporting its position in the Brent Spar oil rig incident in 1995 (Clements and Wright, The British Political Process: An Introduction, (2000) pp.138). In terms of the media, Greenpeace has successfully used the media to mobilise their public support, maintaining a positive image through the media. An aim of Greenpeace is to gain the support of the media; it will always centre any campaign strategy. They provide a spokesperson to provide information and views on particular issues. Newspapers View: Daily Mirror declared that the policy change was a victory for Greenpeace and that it was an example of peoples power. The political significance of the Greenpeace campaign and of shells actions is universally recognised as a defining period or benchmark in the relationship between business, the government, the public and the environment (Parliamentary Affairs, 51 (3): 397).The internet plays a huge role in Greenpeace becoming a campaigning tool, where one can communicate campaign developments in the quickest and most effective way e.g. Social Networking Sites, Blogs and so on. Another Outside pressure group that also uses the internet as a form of communication is Friends of the Earth, having th eir own website which serves as an information centre; this allows supporters to communicate with a single click of a button leading to the website. The media plays a huge role in day to day society somewhat acting as a pressure group in its own right protecting and advancing its own interest, taking up issues defined as legitimate by those in power. The media first and foremost plays an important role in politics; actively pressure groups can use the media to gain publicity. A recent survey of over a hundred various groups found that four out of five were in contact with the media at least once a day and that 13 per cent of those surveyed perceived media campaigning to be their most important source of influence (Baggott, 1992 pp. 18-22). Thus contacts with the media are important for a large proportion of pressure groups, who use the media in a number of different ways (Politics, 1999: pp.23). The use of the medias visibility of a pressure group is to create this public Profile that the public would recognise. Outsiders especially need the awareness and visibility as some are not considered legitimate by the government, its imp ortance is to raise issues to the public via the media; this is done by the two most important methods, the press Newspapers and broadcast Radio/Television ensuring issues are communicated accurately and clearly to sustain a growing mass interest. Constant coverage is vital as it keeps a buzz on the group reassuring members its activeness within the group as well as its growth. An example of this is Friends of the Earth an outsider group that showed through a survey that 24 per cent of members joined after seeing a media campaign. Survey seen in (Grant, 1995, p.86 taking from Politics (1999) p. 23). According to Baggott, at least four out of five groups are in contact with the media to raise and build public support. Most pressure groups appreciate the role of the media in their centre. Child poverty action group a pressure group that aims to raise awareness of causes and to bring about positive policy changes for families and children in poverty, they use the media to help promote and develop policies. Using a term called reactive coverage which uses the media to put across its viewpoint and influence. The child poverty action group used media coverage to demonstrate that an issue was of public concern and therefore reinforce a case being made civil servants (Field, 1977, pp53- 4). Environment pressure groups i.e. Greenpeace and Friends of the earth well known pressure groups backed by the public has used the media to help change the climate of public opinion having an immediate influence. The growing use of the public relations and the media specialist by pressure groups reflects the influence which they believe the mass media have over public opinion and policy decisions (Baggott, 1995: pp. 184). TV is the most popular source of news to pressure groups as well as newspaper being its main source. Pressure groups operating at a national level regard television as the most important source. Other strategies that both insider and outsider pressure groups have used are posters or press advertisement in order to get their message across to its public. As Outsiders, Friends of the earth have organised stunts which have attracted a great deal of media attention, leading to their coverage because they were dramatic. Outsiders need to be visual in other to get their me ssage across unlike insiders; a recent example would be the student fees protest which got a lot of attention not only because of the drastic change but because of the stunts that were pulled by protesters in order to influence the policy change. Using photographic imagery and television news would attract a large number of Media, also embodying an outsider strategy Greenpeace uses television news and newspaper visuals employing their own cameraman and photographer which is a main strategy of an outsider group. Friends of the Earth approach to the media is different as they produce well researched and reliable reports, operating by establishing firm contacts, especially journalist through individual campaigners. As an Outsider group they have a good reputation on doing a lot of research and having answers before campaigns. The growth of pressure groups is due to the changes in the social structure of Britain, particularly the fragmentation of British society resulting from the breakdown of previously rigid class divisions (Moran 1985). An explanation is more people who are affected by issues are more willing to join protest. Another factor is the impact of a more highly educated population which is a feature of post affluent societies. It is argued that a more articulate and highly educated public is more likely to indulge in group politics, and again there is much evidence to suggest that this is the case (Parkin, 1968; Parry et al, 1992). In todays society the public is more active than passive wanting to get involved in political activity. Public becoming more concerned with issues will make the government consider policy change. There are also signs that people are increasingly willing to undertake collective action in such circumstances, although this still remains a less popular option than other forms of participation, such as signing petitions and contacting MPs on an individual basis (Baggott, 1995: p. 172). An advantage of an Insider Group is that they are too powerful and are in connection with those in power as well as media connections, having the opportunity to influence and shape policies formulated by the government. However Outsiders are a disadvantage to that. Outsiders use inappropriate tactics at times and their connection with power is not as great as that of Insiders. However due to the freedom of information it gives them an opportunity to campaign in a more effective manner, as well as Internet being an effective campaigning tool. Conclusion To conclude, I will draw out my conclusions regarding pressure groups, this essay explores on the theories on pressure groups and their role in democracy and society. Also stated is how pressure groups use the media as a communication strategy to influence. I distinguished the difference between the two pressure groups outsiders and insiders, they both share the ability to reform policies and both have clear strategies. An important factor in the concept of this essay is the relationship between the groups and the government which determines the groups legitimacy and success. The growth of pressure groups being increased by the media and its coverage has led to the importance of media in an Insider group but significantly more important in an outsider. Outsider groups also have an advantage of using the public in demonstrations creating more awareness regarding issues and policy process. Group membership has grown due to people concerned with quality of life an example of a pressure group, Greenpeace, which highlights the environment and portrays it as something that would affect us if we do not take action. In contrast some groups have declined in membership as changes occur in the social structure. Participation is however still on the rise, e.g. Student Fees Protest. It has been proven that Pressure groups Like Greenpeace has been successful in the decision making process. The Brent Spar episode is an example in relation to Greenpeace. Groups are now more aware that they need to establish a good relationship with parliament and the media, as well as parliamentary lobbying and public campaigning when necessary. There has been an increase in lobbying especially among the insider groups who wish to influence political influence. Most inside groups have passive members as they are recognised in parliament and work with the government. It is in the interests of good government to work with pressure groups rather against them (Baggott, 1995: pp. 230). Groups can c ontribute to efficiency their knowledge and information can help government to develop a more effective policy.

Ruhling Manufacturing Company Essay -- Business Management

1. Why might negotiation be favored over competitive bidding in certain procurement situations? Based on the textbook and my understanding, whenever there are negotiations between a procurer and a supplier regarding a competitive bidding, the first thing that might be favored is the scope of the project, meaning both will sit down and discuss the entire project prior the work begins. Meanwhile, during the negotiations, evaluation criteria should be clear, and stated and defined. As the evaluation is based on the criteria stated and the procurer can request or ask the supplier’s opinions on certain specifications and where things can be improved. There are two characteristics to be considered when negotiating over competitive bidding: a) Must be flexible and allow changes to make and specify the designs of the projects. b) Knowledge is very important because if a project is based or awarded on competitive bidding then a contractor may not know the information about possible design flaws, submit a low bid, and recoup profits when changes are required. 2. Considerations of Epsilon's alternative proposal: a. What is the applicability of a requirements contract from Ruhling’s point of view? Assume that Epsilon will still make a profit resulting from economics of long runs and learning curves From Ruhling's point of views, the applicable of a requirements contract are both legal and mutually satisfactory, as long as performance is met and buyer's requirements exist, it gives certain protection against price increases, and the possibility of a market predictable. b. Assuming Ruhling is now interested in a requirements contract, how should Ruhling proceed with the bidding/award process? Ruhling should start a ... ...anged innumerable times over the project's life. Continual rework and time delays had hampered progress. Bolger had reported design errors that necessitated the refitting of complex equipment and rework of the aluminum welding. Materials requirements included the use of welded aluminum. Bolger normally employed only steel welders; aluminum welders were in short supply and impatient during work stoppages. The Bolger contract was cost based plus a fixed fee. A particularly disturbing problem was Bolger's cost reporting system. Bolger contract negotiators waited for up to three weeks for cost data. Works Cited http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/Resources/equip08.pdf http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/stadelis/aucvsneg07_15_07.pdf http://www.nextlevelpurchasing.com/articles/dual-source.html http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/omcontracts/pdfs/section12.pdf

Study guide midterm

Topic and a Purpose Sources for choosing a topic Determining the general purpose of your speech Difference between a specific purpose and a central Idea Topic: The subject of a speech Choosing a topic: Topics you know a lot about Topics you want to know more about Brainstorming: A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas. Personal Inventory Clustering General Purpose: The broad goal off speech. Specific Purpose: A single Infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes o accomplish In his/her speech.Tips for formulating the specific purpose statement: Write as a full Infinitive phrase, not as a fragment Express as a statement, not a question Avoid figurative language Limit to one distinct idea Not too vague or general Question to ask about specific purpose: Does it meet the assignment Can it be accomplished in the time allotted Is the purpose relevant to my audience Is the purpose too trivial for my audience Is the purpose too t echnical for my audience Central Idea: A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major Ideas of a speech.Residual Message: What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech Guidelines for a central idea: Should be expressed in full sentence Should not be in form of a question Should avoid figurative language Should not be too vague or general Chapter 6- Gathering Materials Resources for library research Credible types of sources for public speaking Catalogue: A losing of all books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library Call Number: A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to hat catalogues articles from a large number of Journals or magazines Reference Work: A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers Encyclopedias Yearbooks Quotation Books Biographical Aids Specialized Research Resources: Virtual Libraries Government Resources Multicu ltural Resources Evaluation Internet Documents: Authorship Sponsorship Regency Chapter 7- Supporting Your Ideas Four types of supporting material What they are and when to use Supporting Material: The materials used to support a speaker's ideas Examples Statistics Testimony Analogy Examples: Brief Example Extended Example Hypothetical Example Tips for using examples: Use to clarify ideas Use to reinforce ideas Use to personalize ideas Make examples vivid and richly tested Practice delivery of extended examples Statistics: Representative? Reliable source?Tips for using statistics: Use statistics to quantify ideas Use sparingly Identify source of statistics Explain the statistics Round off complicated statistics Use visual aids to clarify Expert Testimony: from people who are recognized experts in their field Peer s Paraphrasing Tips for using testimony: Quote or paraphrase accurately Use from qualified sources Use from unbiased sources Identify the people you quote or paraphrase from Chapter 8- Organizing the Body of the Speech Four organizational patterns used in Informative Speaking Connectives, transitions, previews, summary, signposts Strategic order of main points: Chronological Order Spatial Order Casual Order Topical Order – main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics Connectives: Transitions Internal Previews Internal Summaries Signposts.

Payment Method Presentation Essay

I would like to welcome you to my presentation of the Payment methods there are as in the Capitation Cycles and the fee-for-service .There will be a part on the relationship among provider, patient, and their roles in each of the processes. I hope to be able to show how in the aspect of the relationship among the Providers, the patient, and the most important one of the entire payer due to if there was no payer then there would be no need for a physician medical billing department to do their billing. The involving of merging would not take place if we didn’t have the patients or even the provider. Capitation, Is if the Doctor has 500 patients and sees only 400 0f those patients with a period of a time he still gets paid for the 500 patients. In the aspect of the patient it could be looked at as a way of even if he doesn’t make the appointment the provider still gets paid by the insurance plan. When the capitation payment is used the financial risk for care of the patient is transferred to the medical system, this payment method only works if the physician and the hospital are integrated either by a contract or an organization with a population that is sufficient for medical serves that are utilized. The population has to have a reasonable degree of certainty that must be met for this type of health care to work. With thios one the quality of care does not provide the patients with much quality of care There are 6 steps to a methodology for putting together and establishing the rate of the capitation payments are; Determine the delivery system cost base, Develop use rates, Calculate capitation rates, Adjust the rates, for when the impact of the incremental volume, Talking about the upcoming contract to avoid any mistaken part of the contract that could happen, Keep watch on how the performance of the cycle goes. Fee-for-service is where the patient or the insurance that they have pays for all services separately as in the appointments, tests, or another type of medical that is needed. Most of the patients that have this type submit a claim to their insurance so they can be reimbursed for what they paid for  the services. This has a higher payment for the patient as in a higher copayment or higher deductibles.

Plato’s Metaphysics

Plato’s Metaphysics Plato’s Metaphysics Platos metaphysics was based on the ideas, which were taken from within and applied to the outer world, while Aristotle used the ideas from the surrounding world to apply them within. Thus, Plato believed in a dualistic reality (there are mental and physical things), and Aristotle claimed that only an imminent reality exists. Unlike Plato, Aristotle believed that forms could not exist separately but only in an object itself. This explains why these philosophers differently determine what is true and false. Aristotle claims that something is true if he has seen it and knows it. Plato, on the contrary, uses intuition and common sense to prove something true or false. Rationalism argues that a person is born already with knowledge, i.e. knowledge is inherent, and learning stems from intuition. Empiricists, on the contrary, claim that one can know something exclusively on the basis of direct sense experience. Following Rationalists, who are concerned with absolute universal truths, one can assert that the mind is the single source of knowledge. Empiricists reject this principle and make use of the postulate that a person is born with the mind as blank as a slate, i.e. without any knowledge or experience. Therefore, only human sensual experiences can serve as a background for knowledge. Platos belief in reincarnation may affect his understanding the nature of human happiness in the following way. He may believe that happiness is a fluid notion, just like his Forms, which implies that a person can achieve happiness not in earthly but next life, or has already achieved it in previous lives. Aristotles materialistic view on reality may make him believe that happiness is the ultimate goal of human earthly existence, i.e. people should achieve happiness till the end of their life. Aristotles rejection of afterlife does not make happiness a permanent state (as in Platos case) but defines it within the frames of earthly life. Platos low opinion of democracy seems rather reasonable. The point is that poor citizens prevail in a state, and they dislike being deceived by rich rulers. Falsely, the poor believe that they know what they need, but these needs are illusory - lust after power and sensual pleasures. The masses, which are uneducated and ignorant about the essence of the soul, cannot realize what true needs imply. According to Plato, the poor, unless educated into arts and philosophy, are incapable of distinguishing true needs from illusory ones and electing a good ruler. Only a philosopher as a ruler can satisfy citizens true needs, which lead to wisdom and spiritual growth. It seems to me that Plato implicitly rejected slavery in any form since it contradicted his notion of justice. Platos just society consists of three classes, with each class performing its role. However, in a just city, every person should do exclusively what he or she is good at and not interfere in other peoples business. According to Plato, only this condition can contribute to the perfect pursuance of ones duties. If there were slaves in Platos just society, they would interfere in their masters business, which would prevent the latter from appropriate pursuing their duties on their own. Gods existence is so important for Descartes philosophy because it convinces him that other distinct things also exist. For Descartes, God cannot be a deceiver because He is a perfectly good and impeccable being. Descartes faculty to judge can come only from God, and if he uses it properly, he cannot mistake. Since God does not deceive, Descartes stresses that if he perceives something as a clear and distinct truth, it will be so under any conditions, even if he forgets the arguments that led him to that inference. Besides, God is also the source of human free will which is infinite since its scope is wider than the scope of human finite intellect. Descartes continues Platos tradition of rational perception of the world Rationalists are concerned with absolute universal truths and assert that the mind is the single source of knowledge. Likewise, Plato is concerned with the eternal and perfect Forms that shape reality. Both Plato and Descartes believe that knowledge exists in the human mind before a person is born. For Plato, perfection and true knowledge is hidden in the Forms, which, in turn, exist separately from material objects. This implies that all a person should do is to reach out to Forms. Like Descartes, Plato argues that the outside world can be understood by means of reasoning. The phrase epistemological detour implies one of the means of discovering a metaphysical truth through an indirect epistemological investigation into what can be known about some phenomenon rather than a direct inquiry about its essence. The epistemological detour emphasizes the role of the mind and primary knowledge in cognition. This can be explained by the fact that rationalists believe in the infinite abilities of the human mind and that the world can be perceived rationally. Taking into consideration the epistemological detour, it becomes clear why rationalists reject the supernatural since the latter lacks reasonable evidence and cannot be convincing enough.

As the Federal government comes to terms with large budget deficits, Essay

As the Federal government comes to terms with large budget deficits, what will be the effect on the American economy - Essay Example Paying down the debt too fast or too far could result in the deflationary effects on the economy due to the paradox of saving. A debt that grows too far or too fast, especially if held by foreign nationals, has the effect of weakening the dollar against foreign currencies and could potentially lead to hyperinflation and economic collapse. The budget deficits that are currently in effect are not a matter of how large they are, but are more a concern of what the money is spent on. Spending more than the federal tax revenues take in has the capacity to fuel the economy or leave it in a state of debt with little or no return. For every tax dollar spent there is an opportunity cost. When tax dollars are borrowed to build roads or bridges, the money goes into the hands of employment and suppliers. This money is then recycled through the economy by the working class buying consumer goods. This stimulates the economy and provides jobs for autoworkers, carpet layers, and appliance salesmen who again recycle the money. However, if the money is spent on the design and testing of complex weapons system most of the money ends up draining the available pool of talented engineers and provides no commercial benefit (Nimroody and Hartung). Spending the money wisely can fuel the economy or be an opportunity lost. While excessive government spending, and especially wasteful disregard, may seem to be an excessive opportunity cost, the consequences may be more dire than one might expect. Adam Smith introduced capitalism to the invisible hand concept, which states that people will pursue their own self-interests, which â€Å"will ultimately benefit everyone, including the unintended. He continues by saying that any interference by government is almost certain to be injurious to the invisible hand concept† (Palmer 22). From Smith’s viewpoint of the invisible hand, all taxation contracts the economy, even when necessary. When the government runs up

Academic and Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic and Professional Development - Essay Example A scholar-practitioner is a person that is actively involved in various types of research practices aimed at enhancing the success of the profession. It is important to realise that evidence-based research and good theory are both essential ingredients for great and effective leadership. Scholar-practitioners that often excel in their research activities often end up becoming great and inspiring leaders for companies that they work for; they are great people managers with profound knowledge and skills that enhances the success of their work. According to Cavalieri & Mark (2013) academic theory has the potential to get out of touch if it is not refined and tested by those realities of contemporary daily practice. If the ideas of the scholar do not have the capability to hold up complexities that lead in the present global economy, then their value beyond the academic journal is very low or unavailable. In this regard, scholar practitioners have to ensure that they understand and implement some of the lasting values that guide academic integrity, some of which have been outlined by Walden (Cavalieri & Mark 2013). Wladen’s values have had a profound effect on the learning community in that they enable learners to know how to develop better content that can be used in clinical and other disciplines, having been developed with due regard to academic integrity. Using the knowledge I have gathered from Walden’s values regarding professional and scholarly writing, I look forward to improving my writing skills, which will involve acknowledging other peoples academic works that I will use in my research and writing processes. Going into the future, I have learnt how to improve in my research and writing, things that were seemingly challenging in the past. Being at Walden has been an important undertaking that has heavily impacted on my academic and professional development. As far as communication is concerned, I realise that for